As the UN’s 29th annual climate conference opens in Baku, Azerbaijan, the fashion industry’s sustainability scores raise significant concerns. With mounting evidence of a warming planet and increasing severity of climate change events, the fashion sector’s contribution to global emissions cannot be overlooked.
This year has seen unprecedented weather patterns, with 2024 possibly breaking records for warmth. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reports that the planet has heated up by about 1.3 degrees Celsius since pre-industrial levels, inching dangerously close to the 1.5-degree limit set by the Paris Agreement. One need only look around—consumers in many regions have experienced severe weather events, from wildfires and hurricanes to unprecedented rainfall. These phenomena are reshaping customer behaviours and expectations regarding sustainability.
Despite claims of progress, the reality is that the fashion industry is not on target to meet its climate commitments. Although companies like Levi’s, Puma, and H&M have taken concrete steps to mitigate their impact, recent studies reveal that globally, fashion’s carbon footprint is projected to rise by over 40% by 2030. The Apparel Impact Institute’s analysis suggests that unless dramatic action is taken, the industry’s emissions will continue to exacerbate the climate crisis.
A primary question arises: Is climate change a priority for the fashion industry? The evidence suggests a mixed response. While many brands have illustrated intentions by announcing ambitious climate goals, the implementation and follow-through have been inconsistent. Some renowned retailers have recently scaled back their pledges after discovering the inadequacy of their targets. The likes of Asos and Crocs highlight this trend, having postponed their sustainability timelines due to unrealistic expectations and the complexities of actual emissions reduction.
Adding to this complexity are the economic realities that the fashion industry faces. The looming possibility of recessionary pressures has already prompted companies like Nike and Canada Goose to restructure their sustainability departments. As corporate leaders juggle competing priorities, surveys show that environmental concern is fading as a top priority.
Meanwhile, political shifts must also be considered. The potential rollback of the U.S. commitment to the Paris Agreement, as voiced by a considerable political faction, complicates international climate conversations. In contrast, regulatory frameworks are developing stronger sustainability guidelines in Europe and California. These regulations will compel brands to confront their supply chains and materials more transparently and responsibly.
Another pressing question is about the climatic risks facing fashion businesses that aim to be sustainable. A growing body of research suggests that climate change will impose direct threats to operational stability. Erratic weather can lead to unpredictable consumer behaviour, complicating inventory management. Climate conditions threaten agricultural resources vital for materials like cotton and leather, while worsening health conditions among workers can disrupt productivity.
Reports from labor groups in Asia indicate rising instances of heat-related illnesses as temperatures soar. These adverse conditions have the potential to decimate earnings, with estimates suggesting that extreme weather could erode billions from the industry’s profits by the year 2030.
Where will brands find the funding needed for the transition to a greener economy? Addressing climate change in fashion is estimated to cost around $1 trillion. However, concrete funding plans among brands remain scarce. The prevailing economic uncertainty coupled with the challenge of engaging suppliers—who often operate on razor-thin margins—makes this goal difficult to reach.
Some brands and industry organizations are initiating funding mechanisms to assist manufacturers in decarbonizing their processes. However, evidence indicates these measures currently yield minimal returns. Suppliers express a need for stable, long-term partnerships that would reduce the risks associated with investing in cleaner production methods. Yet, the relentless pressure of fast fashion combined with economic malaise pushes the industry towards short-term solutions rather than lasting change.
As the UN calls for action at COP 29, the fashion industry must sit at the table with heartfelt commitments. Change is necessary not only for reputation management but for the very survival of businesses in an increasingly warming world. By investing in sustainability and adhering to climate goals, companies can turn challenges into opportunities, fostering innovation and resilience across the supply chain.
Ultimately, the symposium in Baku presents a pivotal opportunity for the fashion industry to set clear, actionable strategies that prioritize planetary health. With consumer demand for sustainable practices at an all-time high, acting now will define the industry’s future for generations to come.
Sustainability is not just a trend but a necessity for businesses willing to thrive. As the industry navigates the slippery slope of climate responsibility, the time to rethink strategy, rethink values, and drive forward with commitment is now.
